6. Presentation of Results

6.1     Evaluating the Accuracy of Data Provided by Research Participants

6.2    Presentation of Results Concerning First Question Posed
6.2.1 Participants' Self-Image and Sexual Identity
6.2.2 The Erotically/Sexually-Interesting Child Age-Range
6.2.3 Erotic/Sexual Attraction to the Child's Nature
6.2.4 Erotic/Sexual Attraction to the Child's Outward Appearance 
6.2.5 Implicit Causal Theories

6.3    Presentation of Results Concerning Second Question Posed
6.3.1 Sexual Socialization Experiences with Peers in Childhood, the Teenage Years, and Adulthood
6.3.2 Extent and Nature of Erotic/Sexual Contacts with Children
6.3.3 Use of Child Erotica and Pornography 

6.4    Presentation of Results concerning Third Question Posed 
(Considering the Self-Concept Characteristics, Feelings of Being Under Stress, and Sense of Well-Being Among Pedophilic Men in General).

6.5    Presentation of Results Concerning Fourth Question Posed 
(Considering the Self-Concept Characteristics, Feelings of Being Under Stress, and Sense of Well-Being Among Pedophilic Men with "Positive" and "Negative" Sexual Self-Concepts)

6.6    Presentation of Results Concerning Fifth Question Posed
(Differential Assessment of Pedophilic Men)
6.6.1 Sexual Preference as Influence Factor 
6.6.2 Age as Influence Factor 
6.6.3 Occupational Status as influence Factor 
6.6.4 Criminal Convictions as Influence Factor 
6.6.5 Experience with Therapy as Influence Factor 
6.6.6 Social Support as Influence Factor 
6.6.7 Sexual Contacts as Influence Factor
6.6.8 Pornography as Influence Factor 
6.6.9 Sexual Abuse as Influence Factor 

6.7   Presentation of Results Concerning Sixth Question Posed
(Presentation of the Associations Between Self-Concept Characteristics, Feelings of Being Under Stress, and Sense of Well-Being)

6.8    Presentation of Results Concerning Seventh Question Posed
6.8.1 "Mental Health" and General Life-Spheres
6.8.2 "Mental Health" and Sexual Conflict-Areas 

6.9    Presentation of results Concerning Eighth Question Posed
6.9.1 Attempts at Other (Sexual) Lifestyles
6.9.2 Sources of Assistance 
6.9.3 Goals of Psychotherapy/Counseling 

6.1 Evaluating the Accuracy of Data Provided by Research Participants

We are proceeding based on the assumption that, overall, the research participants have responded to the questions put to then frankly and honestly. This is based, 

This means that, overall, respondents did not shy away from self-criticism, and didn’t represent themselves in socially-desired ways as average citizens. 

6.2 Presentation of Results Concerning First Question Posed

6.2.1 Participants' Self-Image and Sexual Identity

Figure 15 
provides an overview of the pedophilic participants' sexua1 identities.

Of the participants, 

Of the participants, 

Of the respondents, 

Some participants provided side-comments on certain items. Certain respondents reformulated the item-statement regarding unsureness about one's own sexual orientation: They were all too cognizant not only of their sexual orientation but also of the social problems associated with this phenomenon, which causes a great deal of anxiety and difficulty.

6.2.2 The Erotically/Sexually-Interesting Child Age-Range

The age-range of interest 

The average age of 

At 7½ up to 14½, the predominantly erotically/sexually-interesting child age-span for bisexually pedophilic participants encompassed that of the homosexually and heterosexually pedophilic participants combined. At the same time, bisexually pedophilic men's overall age-range dipped slightly below that of homosexual and heterosexual pedophilic men. Table 8 provides an overview.

Table 8
Average erotic/sexual age-range and pedophilic orientation

6.2.3 Erotic/Sexual Attraction to the Child's Nature

A total of 311 qualities regarding the nature of the child were mentioned. 

The research participants described the nature of boys and girls whom they have actually loved as, above all, 

The child would be 

He or she would be 

Even qualities such as 

were mentioned several times. 

At the same time, respondents also named some "negative qualities" such as 

With one exception, the attributes used by heterosexually pedophilic participants to describe beloved girls were not demonstrably different from those employed by homosexually pedophilic participants to describe desired boys. 

As was the beloved boy, so too was the beloved girl often described as 

In contrast to the desired boy, however, 
[page 63] the desired girl was not described as "fresh" or even expressly as hopefully “a little fresh" by the heterosexually pedophilic participants.

6.2.4 Erotic/Sexual Attraction to the Child's Outward Appearance 

A total of 213 attractive aspects were named. For the overall number of aspects mentioned, the average homogeneity of opinion between two independent raters amounted to 95.6%

The respondents named a large number of admired external characteristics from head to toe. 

The majority of the participants stated explicitly that the boys and girls who they find attractive are 

Their outward appearances and bodies are hailed as

An important factor in assessing the child's exterior is the absence of body hair or the presence of a physically pre-pubertal appearance. The eyes, the hair, the face, and the skin were mentioned particularly frequently as attractive aspects. 

Some participants stressed that the child's outward appearance was more or less all the same to them, so long as an age-corresponding pre-pubertal appearance were present. To them, the boy or girl's nature was seen as far more important than the child's outward appearance. 

There were even research participants who preferred specific features such as 

Children's affectionate, beaming, and loving smiles were also deemed attractive. Boys' and girls' 

were mentioned as praiseworthy. 

There were no mentions or descriptions of children's genitalia. 

Homosexual, heterosexual, and bisexual pedophile participants were not demonstrably different in terms of their descriptions of boys and girls.

6.2.5 Implicit Causal Theories

To the question, "What do you see as the causes of your sexual orientation?," close to a third of the participants explicitly plead ignorance:

Table 9, with a breakdown by participants' pedophilic orientation, provides an overview.
[64] 

Table 9
Research participants' implicit causal theories

The research participants' endogenous, subjective theories relate to genetic and biochemical factors. Most responses were in broad terms, such as 

The exogenous factors presumed by the research participants can essentially be placed into the two main categories of 

Falling into the two additional sub-categories of 

are statements where the reasons for one's own sexual orientation are regarded as lying within one's character. The remaining eight remarks were put in the "other" category. The average homogeneity of opinion between two independent raters amounted to 86.6%.

Fig 16
Participants' non-genetically-oriented casual concepts

In the main category of upbringing, a "lack of maternal love" was often mentioned as the cause, and the absence of male role-models was pointed to. Several times a "strict parental upbringing" along with too little "parental warmth," "tenderness," and "physicality" were mentioned in general terms, without reference to the mother or father.

Participants also cited "parental domestic violence" as well as "experiences in the home" as possible causes. 

Falling into the main category of sexual socialization were most mentioning of positively-experienced sexual experiences with other children (playing doctor). There were also, however, statements from participants who regarded the lack of sexual experiences during childhood with same-age peers as itself being the substantial cause for the formation of a pedophilic orientation. 

Two participants explicitly pointed to Griesemer's (2004a, 2005) neurological learning theory-based imprinting hypothesis as being applicable to them. 

Positively- or negatively-experienced “sexual contacts with adults” during childhood were occasionally mentioned as 
[p. 65] 
further potential causes. 

One item mentioned referred to a consensual contact with a pedophilic man, another to a contact by the biological mother that was experienced as sexual violence. 

The lack of education about sex was also cited as a possible reason. 

In the sub-category of sensitivity and esthetics, five participants praised the beauty and esthetics of boys or children in general, pointing to a spiritual connection between boys and men. Also falling into this category was a comment about possessing the “sensitivity” and the “courage” to perceive one’s sexuality. 

Three responses constituted the theories of the precious child. These have as their subject the “innocence” and better characteristics of the child relative to adults. 

Two participants saw the self-rejection of their own outward appearances as a reason for their sexual orientation. 

Seven isolated statements, such as the “dissolution of one’s own vitality,” were placed into a remainder category. 

In the questionnaire, about one-fifth of the participants also expressed their displeasure with the etiological paradigm itself: It would not be appropriate to pursue the question of causality because, analogous to homosexuality it is, of course, ultimately unanswerable. Though there are numerous medical and psychological theories about it, none have gained wide acceptance. Lastly, science and society as well should accept the pedophilic orientation: 

“This is how it is and it cannot be changed” 
(citing one research participant).

6.3 Presentation of Results Concerning Second Question Posed

6.3.1 Sexual Socialization Experiences with Peers in Childhood, the Teenage Years, and Adulthood

The following presents an overview of participants’ sexual socialization experiences with similar-age peers in childhood, the teenage years, and adulthood based on the criteria 

6.3.1.1 Presence of Sexual Socialization Experiences

As children, teenagers, or adults, the majority of the participants did have sexual experiences with similar-age peers. Figure 17 provides an overview.

[p. 66] 

6.3.1.2 Partner Selection in Sexual Socialization

Whereas sexual contacts primarily with male peers were reported in childhood and the teenage years, in adulthood there was an increase in sexual experiences involving both men and women. Figure 18 provides an overview.

In the teenage years, 

In adulthood, 

6.3.1.3 Evaluations of Sexual Contacts with Peers

The overwhelming majority of participants reported pleasant childhood sexual socialization experiences with same-age peers. However, the number of participants with pleasant sexual experiences involving same-age peers then continuously diminished through the teenage years and into adulthood. Figures 19 [page 67] and 20 [page 68] provide overviews.

Sexual experiences with other male teenagers were perceived 

In adulthood, 

As to sexual experiences involving peer girls, 

Sexual contacts involving female teenagers were evaluated 

In adulthood, 

Indeed, in personal conversations, participants again and again spoke of frustrating sexual experiences with adults. One participant evaluated his sexual experience with a woman as follows: 

“It was like rabbits, who run around copulating with each other – simply ridiculous.”

[p. 68] 

To the question as to whether sexuality was dealt with openly in the home, 

At the same time, a small group of 10 pedophilic men (13.9%) with either no or very few sexual socialization experiences was able to be identified: 

6.3.1.4 Presence of Pedosexual Contacts, as a Child, with Adults

The sexual contacts with adults were mostly evaluated 

Figures 21 and 22 provide overviews.

[p 69] 

Of the 17 participants with pedosexual contacts during their own childhoods, four made the statement that they had been in pedosexual relationships with women or men that lasted for over a year and, without exception, evaluate these experiences retrospectively as "pleasant." In cases of pedosexual relationships of a year or more in duration, the child's average age is taken as the point of departure.

Table 10
Age as child and retrospective evaluation of pedosexual contacts

There is no significant association between the expression of the characteristics “pedosexual contact as an adult" and "pedosexual contact as a child with adults." Table 11 provides an overview.

Table 11
Association between the characteristics 'Pedosexual experience as an adult' and 'Sexual contact as child with adults'

6.3.2 Extent and Nature of Erotic/Sexual Contacts with Children

Of participants, 

Of participants, 94.4% stressed that the gender of the child was critical -- i.e., that it would matter whether we were talking about a relationship with a boy, or a girl.

At the time the data was collected, 

Figure 23 provides an overview of the characteristic "presence of pedosexual contacts." [70]

The connection between the characteristics "pedosexual contact" and "age group" is depicted in Figure 24 (exact Fisher Test p=0.027).

A higher proportion of participants without pedosexual contacts was to be found above all in Age Group 1, and much more rarely in Age Groups 3 and 4. More than half of the participants from Age Group 1 had never been involved in any pedosexual contacts. On the other hand, only one participant from Age Groups 3 and 4 evinced a pedosexually abstinent biography. Of the participants from Age Group 2, 29.2% had no pedosexual experience. 

The characteristics "pedosexual experience in the past" is more pronounced among middle-to-older-age participants.

In Age Group 2 (58.3%) and especially in Age Group 1 (36.4%), the relative percentages of respondents with pedosexual experiences in the past were clearly lower than those in Age Groups 3 and 4. Participants currently in pedosexual relationships were distributed relatively homogeneously, and in smaller numbers, across all four age-groups.

[71] When asked about sexual practices, 69 participants (95.8%) made the statement that they either rejected 'heavy' practices such as anal or vaginal intercourse entirely or in part, or found them sexually unappealing or only of limited interest. 

Sexual practices essentially consisted of caressing, stroking, and licking. In personal conversations 

(as well as in answers to the open-ended solicitation of a self-description of one's own nature from the child’s point of view), 

those questioned expressed a great need to be physically close to children. 

They often characterized themselves as a "friend,” a “role model," and a "supporter," and sometimes as a "protector." Friendship and an emotional bond with the loved boy or loved girl would be central. 

They hold themselves out as being "different from most other adults"; that is, seriously interested in their small counterparts, and always willing to listen to their young friends' problems. Sexual contacts and, sexual play (erotic embraces, playful caressing and petting) are considered important components of pedosexual relationships.

Three participants (4.2%) in this sample found 'heavier' practices to be appealing sexually. 

Sixty-eight participants (94.4%) concurred with the statement that their own well-being would largely depend on the willing participation of the child. For four participants (5.6%), the child's voluntary participation was of little importance to their own well-being.

Almost without exception, participants (97.3%) regarded pedophilia as a sexual form in its own right, clearly distinguishable from sexual abuse in terms of the pedosexual contacts in which boys or girls are involved. Two participants (2.7%) did not agree with this point of view.

One participant described his sexuality in a letter that was enclosed with the questionnaire. Although this description may well reflect a not inconsiderable portion of pedosexual reality, it cannot be regarded as generally applicable to the sexuality of primarily pedophilic men as a whole.

“The only sexual relationship I've ever had was with a young person many years ago; but to use the term 'relationship' is perhaps overstating things. There were occasional sexual contacts, with this young person I was friends with, over a period of time of about 18 months. At that time, I let myself get involved with him because he was already somewhat older, outgoing and, last but not least, because I could trust him. Although he was then certainly at an age which no longer corresponded to my ideal type, I found him to be indescribably beautiful. 

Perhaps also of interest is the fact that he very much wanted to try it out, whereupon, I was glad to do it, provided that the sexual practices were not of a kind as to simply serve my own sexual needs. This was due, for one, to the fact that he had never expressed the desire, and for another, that this would not have been important at all to me either. I had a much greater interest in satisfying and 
[72] 
pampering him. I could also satisfy myself personally alone later on, remembering it at the same time. 

Only once did he (somewhat astonished) ask me whether I really had no interest in him doing it to me with his hand. At which point I said that I would be happy for him to do this, if he really wanted to. But I also told him that to me this was not so important, and that he simply should not think that he's obliged to do it so to speak as compensation (for my services), but only if he would truly like to. 

In a subsequent conversation, my assumption was proven correct. He indeed would have done it for my sake, but he didn't really want it out of his own interests, and therefore the subject never came up again. 

Today, of course, this young person has long since grown up; but I still see him often, and even today he still numbers among my closest friends. No one ever found out about the sexual contacts. 

Perhaps also of interest is the fact that (contrary to current prejudice) at the time, it was not I who said to him but rather he who said to me: ‘But please keep this between us,’ whereupon I said only: 'Of course I trust it will'.”

6.3.3 Use of Child Erotica and Pornography

In relation to those in Age Groups 1, 2, and 3, participants in Age Group 4 used images of children less frequently. Figure 26 provides an overview.

No significant association exists between the expressions of the characteristics "pedosexual relationship" (never, previously, currently), and "use of child erotica/pornography." Table 12 provides an overview. [73] 

Table 12
Association between the characteristics 'Pedosexual relationship' and 'use of child erotica / pornography

6.4 Presentation of Results concerning Third Question Posed 

(Considering the Self-Concept Characteristics, Feelings of Being Under Stress, and Sense of Well-Being Among Pedophilic Men in General).

In the following, research participants are compared with a heterosexual control group (N=33; 18 women and 15 men) and normative values for the general population with regard to self-image characteristics, feelings of being under stress, and sense of well-being. In the sexual self-concept comparison, research participants exhibited significant differences from the heterosexual control group on 16 of the 20 MSSCQ sub-scales. Figures 27a and 27b provide overviews.

For pedophilic men, there were significantly higher values on the sub-scales of 

[74] 

Significantly lower mean values were found among the research participants on the sub-scales of 

Although the sub-scales of 

were less strongly pronounced than those of the heterosexual control group, they were not excessively so.

In the Self-Image of Functional Social Potency, pedophilic men, in comparison with the heterosexual control group, produced significantly lower values on the "communicability" sub-scale (p<.001). 

Although the sub-scales of 

were slightly less pronounced than those of the heterosexual control group, these differences were not statistically significant. 

There were nearly identical values on the "de-centering” sub-scale. Pedophilic men and the heterosexual control group were not statistically distinguishable from one another on the "de-centering" sub-scale. Figure 28 provides an overview.

[75] With regard to the characteristics of self-attention, the pedophilic men showed no differences relative to a normative sample of "healthy" persons (N=771). Stanine values were applied (stanine norm average range: four through six). For the research participants the value for

Relative to the TPF's (N=436) normative male sample, the pedophilic men manifested an in part below-average sense of well-being. Figure 29 provides an overview of the characteristics assessed by the TPF sub-scales.

Respondents produced values less than those of the norm in the TPF sub-scales of 

In the remainder of the TPF sub-scales, characteristics had, without exception, below-average scores (T>40 through T<50). The standard deviation of these scales lay between 8.6 and 14.1. The expressed characteristic distribution for the central sub-scale of "mental health" is depicted in Figure 30.

On the "mental health" sub-scale, 51.4% of participants evinced below-average scores (T<40). Average scores were attained by 40.3% of respondents, and above-average scores (T>60) by 8.3%.

[76] Relative to the normative sample from the SCL-90-R (N=501), the pedophilic men had, in part, above-average feelings of being under stress. Figure 31 provides an overview of the characteristics assessed by the SCL-90-R sub-scales.

Among the research participants, above-average values were present on the sub-scales of 

In the remainder of the sub-scales, the characteristics had -- without exception -- above-average ranges (T>50 through T<60). The standard deviations for these sub-scales fluctuated between 11.6 and 13.4.

Via the items from the SCL-90-R, it is possible to roughly estimate participants' risk of suicide 

(Item 15: "thoughts about taking one's life"; Item 59: "thoughts about death and dying"). 

At the time of the data collection, 

Figure 32 provides all overview of the characteristics "age group" and "suicide risk." Relative to Age Groups 3 and 4, participants from Age Group 1, and particularly from Age Group 2, were at higher risk of suicide. However, a strong association between the characteristics of "age group" and "suicide risk" was not discernible.

[77] 

6.5 Presentation of Results Concerning Fourth Question Posed 

(Considering the Self-Concept Characteristics, Feelings of Being Under Stress, and Sense of Well-Being Among Pedophilic Men with "Positive" and "Negative" Sexual Self-Concepts)

In the following, based on a two-cluster solution, research participants are compared with a heterosexual control group and normative values in terms of self-concept characteristics, feelings of being under stress, and sense of well-being. 

The initial partition generated via the MSSCQ sub-scales (Ward method) was amended through a subsequent central cluster analysis (K means method). Various potential solutions were verified and evaluated as to their statistical significance with regard to demographic as well as sexual characteristics by means of chi-square tests. 

The selected two-cluster solution consists of 

The groups differ from one another predominantly in terms of the distribution of demographic characteristics as well as general and -- not surprisingly -- sexual influence factors.

Existing differences between participants from Cluster 1 versus Cluster 2 could be ascertained only with regard to the following characteristics: 

Comparing the two-cluster solution with the heterosexual control group showed that, on average, control group participants had a clearly more "positive" sexual self-concept on all of the scales of the cluster solution than participants from Cluster 2 (p<.001 throughout). Even among the pedophilic men from Cluster 1 there existed significantly "worse" values compared with the heterosexual control group, with the exception of the "sexual self-respect" and "external sexual control (others)" sub-scales. Figure 33 provides an overview.
[78] 

A comparison of the two-cluster solution with the heterosexual control group with regard to the self-image of functional social potency produced the following picture: There are no significant differences between Cluster 1 and the heterosexual control group on any of the four SSF sub-scales.

Cluster 1 and Cluster 2, on the other hand, had statistically significant differences on all four sub-scales

Significant differences between the heterosexual control group and Cluster 2 existed on the sub-scales of

[79] When the two-cluster solution with regard to the characteristic of self-attention was compared with the normative values of "healthy persons," it was shown that Cluster 1 had a below-average range of scores on the "public self-attention” sub-scale (stanine=4.1; standard deviation 1.4). 

And there is also a significant difference between Cluster 1 and Cluster 2 on the sub-scale of "public self-attention" (p<.001). Cluster 2 has a mean "public self-attention" score of 5.7 and a standard deviation of 1.6. On the sub-scale of "private self-attention," there are no significant differences between Cluster 1 (stanine= 4.9; standard deviation 1.8) and Cluster 2 (stanine=5.7; standard deviation 1.6) (p=.055). Figure 35 provides an overview.

Comparing Cluster 1 and Cluster 2 with normative samples on the TPF and SCL-90-R produces the following picture:

[80]

Also in relation to feelings of being under stress, the Short Stress-Test showed statistically significant mean differences on the sub-scales of 

6.6.1 Sexual Preference as Influence Factor

In the self-concept spheres of sexuality, functional social potency and self-attention, rank-variance analyses and U-tests were unable to demonstrate any significant mean differences between homosexual, heterosexual, and bisexual pedophile participants.

A rank-order analytical comparison of the three sub-groups did reveal a significant mean difference on the "behavioral control" TPF sub-scale (p=.029). On average, homosexually pedophilic men had T-values comparable to those of heterosexually and bisexually pedophilic men. Figure 38 provides an overview of the characteristics assessed by the TPF sub-scales.  
[81] 

A direct, individual comparison (U-test) of homosexually and heterosexually pedophilic with bisexually pedophilic men showed no significant differences on any of the TPF sub-scales.

There was a significant difference between homosexually and heterosexually pedophilic men on the sub-scale of "expansiveness" (p=.027). On average, heterosexually pedophilic participants represented themselves as more capable of carrying things through, more dominant, and more self-confident than the homosexually pedophilic men. 

On the sub-scales of the SCL-90-R, there were no statistically significant mean differences among the sub-groups (rank-variance analysis and U-test). Among all three sub-groups, there were heightened T-values (T>60) on the "depressiveness" and "global severity index" sub-scales.

6.6.2 Age as Influence Factor

On average, participants from the four age-groups differed in terms of sexual self-concept on the sub-scales of "sexual anxiety" (p=0.011) and "external sexual control (others)" (p=.026). As Figure 39 makes apparent, a particularly clear difference exists between Age Group 4 and Age Group 2 on the "sexual anxiety" sub-scale (p=.004).

[82] In individual comparisons between Age Groups 1, 2, and 3, no significant mean differences were detectable on this sub-scale. The "external sexual control (others)" sub-scale was significantly less pronounced among Age Group 1 than among Age Group 2 (p=.045). Age Groups 3 and 4 were not statistically significantly different from Age Group 2 on this sub-scale. 

As to the self-image of functional social potency, there were no significant mean differences among age-groups. With the exception of "de-centering," Age Group 1 had higher average rank-positions than Age Groups 2 and 3 on all sub-scales.

Significant mean differences between age-groups existed with regard to the "public self-attention" sub-scale (p=.005), but not on the "private self-attention" sub-scale (rank-variance analysis).

Through direct individual comparison (U-test), it was able to be shown that Age Group 4 evinced statistically lower scores (stanine=3.3; standard deviation 1.1) than all other age-groups (average values) with regard to "public self-attention." Age Groups 1, 2, and 3 did not differ from one another in individual comparisons on the "public self-attention" sub-scale.

In the TPF, there were significant differences among the age-groups, in rank-variance analytic comparison, on the sub-scales of "carefree-ness" (p:.043) and "autonomy" (p=.031). The differences between Age Groups 4 and 2 were great. On most of the TPF sub-scales, Age Group 4 had Higher scores than the other age groups. Figure 40 provides an overview.

Fig 40
Sense of well-being (TFP), based on the characteristics of 'Age group'

* 0-60 = T value

The older participants manifested average T-values across all sub-scales. But they differed significantly from the participants from Age Group 2 on the sub-scales of 

Age Group 4 evinced a greater "ability to love" (p=.036) and greater "expansiveness" (p=.030) than Age Group 3. Age Group 4 had higher values on the sub-scale of "autonomy" than Age Group 1 (p=.019). There were higher values among Age Group 1 on the "ability to love" sub-scale (p=.038) compared with Age Group 3. There were no significant mean differences in the TPF between Age Groups 1 and 2 or between Age Groups 2 and 3.

Rank-variance analysis of the SCL-90-R sub-scales demonstrated no significant differences among Age groups. A U-test, however, showed that there were significantly higher "depressiveness" scores in Age Group 2 (T=67.9; standard deviation 12.4) than in Age Group 4 (T=59.2; standard deviation 11.3) (p=.039).

Figure 41 provides an overview.
[83] 

Fig 41
Feelings of being under stress (SCL-90-R), based on the characteristic of 'Age group'

* 0-80 = T value

6.6.3 Occupational Status as influence Factor

Compared with the employed, students, and retirees, among the unemployed the self-image of functional social potency is characterized primarily by a weaker expression of the characteristic. "consciousness of one's control over the environment" (p=.017). 

As shown by the "average T-values across all of the TPF and SCL-90-R sub-scales, the unemployed also exhibited clearly diminished scores in the health-related sphere on the "sense of fulfillment" sub-scale (T=31.6; standard deviation 14.3), 'especially compared with retirees (p=.014).

Among the employed and student groups, there were below-average T-values of about 39 on the sub-scales of "mental health" and "sense of fulfillment." The employed and students did not differ from one another in terms of their feelings of being under stress and sense of well-being; with the exception of the "sense of fulfillment" sub-scale, they also did not differ from the unemployed group (employed only p=.041).

Furthermore, retirees had significantly lower scores than the unemployed (p=.008), students (p=.012), and the employed (p=.027) on the "duress" sub-scale (T=47.8; standard deviation 8.6).

6.6.4 Criminal Convictions as Influence Factor

As to sexual self-concept, participants with previous criminal convictions exhibited higher scores than those without previous convictions on the sub-scales of "sexual self-monitoring" (p=.039) and "external control (others)" (p=.036). 

No significant mean differences were found on the self-image of functional social potency scale and the self-attention scales. There were no significant mean differences on the TPF either. Relative to those without previous convictions (T=57.8; standard deviation 13.0), participants with previous criminal convictions had a significantly higher score (p=.014) on the SCL-90-R "paranoia" sub-scale (T=64.9 standard deviation 8.2).
[84] 

6.6.5 Experience with Therapy as Influence Factor

Participants with no therapy experience (N=34) were compared with participants who had been in therapy previously (N=19) as well as those who were currently in therapy (N=19).

With regard to sexual self-concept, a rank-variance analytical comparison showed a significant mean difference on the "sexual optimism" sub-scale (p=.022). Therapeutically inexperienced participants were more sexually optimistic than pedophilic men who were currently in therapy (p=.005). There were no significant differences among the three sub-groups on any of the other MSSCQ sub-scales. Although not significant, there was a trend to the direction of therapeutically inexperienced participants evincing a more "positive" sexual self-concept than participants who were in therapy currently. Figure 42 graphically illustrates this trend.

Fig 42
Sexual self-concept (MSSCQ), based on the characteristic 'Psychotherapy experience'

* 0 - 2,5 = Mean MSSCQ

With the exception of the "consciousness of self-contro1" sub-scale, there were no significant differences among the three sub-groups with regard to the self-image of functional social potency. Therapeutically inexperienced participants had a greater consciousness of self-control than participants who had previously been in therapy (p=.035). Although those currently in therapy had even higher scores, the difference was not great.

There were significant mean differences (rank-variance analysis) on the TPF sub-scales of "mental health" (p=.014) and "sense of meaning" (p=.031). Psychotherapeutically inexperienced participants attained higher health scores than psychotherapeutically experienced participants. 

Participants who had previously sought out -- or had been obliged to seek out -- psychotherapy showed lower scores than psychotherapeutically inexperienced participants on the "mental health" sub-scale (p=.035). Respondents currently in psychotherapy had lower scores on the sub-scales of "mental health" (p=.008) and "sense of meaning" (p=.009) compared with psychotherapeutically experienced participants. There were no significant differences between participants who had previously been in therapy versus those currently in therapy in terms of health-related characteristics.
[85] 

Fig 43 
Sense of well-being (TPF), based on the characteristic 'Psychotherapy experience'

* 10-80 = T value

No significant mean differences among the sub-groups were found on the SCL-90-R sub-scales (rank-variance analysis). The U-test, however, did reveal differences on the "duress" sub-scale. Participants currently in therapy portrayed themselves as being under significantly more duress (T=62.4; standard deviation 12.8) than both participants with no psychotherapeutic experience (T=56.2; p=.039) as well as those who had previously been in psychotherapy (T=55.5; p=.037).

6.6.6 Social Support as Influence Factor

Using six items designed to roughly capture the construct of "social support", research participants were classified based on the extent to which it was present 

Table 13
Classification based on the characteristic 
'Presence of social support'

With the self-image of functional social potency, there was a significant difference among the three sub-groups on the "consciousness of self-control" sub-scale (p=.016). Participants with "sufficiently present" social support evinced a greater "consciousness of self-control" and greater "communicability" (p.044) compared to participants with "partially present" social support.

[86] Participants with "present" social support attained almost thoroughly average T-values on the TPF and SCL-90-R sub-scales. In a rank-variance analytical comparison, participants with "not present" or "partially present" social support on the sub-scales of

Figure 44 provides and overview.

Fig 44 
Sense of well-being (TPF), based on the characteristic 
'Presence of social support'

* 0-60 = T value

There were no significant mean differences (rank-variance analyses) on the SCL-90-R sub-scales. Direct comparison showed that participants without social support evinced significantly higher scores (p=.041) with regard to the characteristic of "depressiveness" (T=71.3; standard deviation 10.3) than participants with "sufficiently present" social support (T=60.9; standard deviation 11.0).

6.6.7 Sexual Contacts as Influence Factor

Sexual self-concept rank-variance analysis revealed large mean differences between participants with no pedosexual experiences (N=21), those with previous pedosexual experiences (N=43), and those with current pedosexual experiences (N=8) on the sub-scales of 

Participants who were currently living in a pedosexual relationship attained significantly higher scores than, respectively, participants with no pedosexual experience, or those with pedosexual experience in the past, in the sub-scale of "sexual self-esteem" (p=.017; p=.024) and "sexual satisfaction" (p=.017; p=.019).

Compared with participants in current pedosexual relationships and those with previous pedosexual experiences, participants with no pedosexual experiences had 

The self-image of functional social potency showed that participants with no pedosexual contacts had significantly lower scores on the "communicability" sub-scale (p=.026) than participants who were currently living in a pedosexual relationship. Participants without pedosexual contacts attained lower mean rank-positions than the [87] other two groups on all of the SSF sub-scales. However, aside from the above mentioned exception, the inter-group differences were not great. Figure 45 provides an overview.

Fig. 45 
Self-image of functional social potency (SSF), 
based on the characteristic 'Pedosexual experience'

* CoCo = Consciousness of Control over ...
** C = Consciousness ...
*** 0 - 150 = Mean SSF

The mean values of the three groups for the "self-efficacy" characteristics were in the average range. Participants without pedosexual contacts showed significantly higher scores (stanine=5.8; standard deviation 1.8) on the "public self-attention" sub-scale (p=.007) than participants with pedosexual experiences in the past (stanine=4.3; standard deviation 1.9).

In comparison with participants who had had pedosexual contacts in the past, participants without pedosexual experience attained lower mean scores on the "carefree-ness" TPF sub-scale. (p=.034). On the TPF sub-scales, there was a trend in the direction of (still) average T-values for the two groups with pedosexual experiences (previous, current) and a tread in the direction of below-average T-values for the no pedosexual contacts group. However aside from the above-mentioned exception, the differences between the groups were not significant.

On the SCL-90-R sub-scales it was shown that participants with no pedosexual experiences had higher scores than participants who were currently living in pedosexual relationships or those who had had pedosexual contacts in the past. Rank-variance analysis indicated significant differences with regard to the sub-scales of 

Participants with pedosexual experience (previous, current) did not differ significantly from each other on the SCL-90-R sub-scales. Figure 46 provides an overview.
[88] 

Fig 46 
Feelings of being under stress (SCL-90-R), 
based on the characteristic 'Pedosexual experiences'

6.6.8 Pornography as Influence Factor

With regard to the sexual self-concept, the self-image of functional social potency, and self-attention, there were no significant differences, in the U-test, between users (N=62) and non-users (N=10).

Users of pornographic images attained significantly higher (average) scores than non-users in the TPF's "self-esteem" sub-scale, (p=.027). No significant differences between the two groups were found on the SCL-90-R sub-scales. The greatest (still not significant) differences were on the sub-scales of "paranoia" (non-users T-65.1; users T=59.1) and "insecurity with social contact" (non-users T=65.5; users T=58.0).

6.6.9 Sexual Abuse as Influence Factor

Participants were subdivided into three groups: 

Those with pedosexual contacts retrospectively evaluated as "neutral" were included in the sexually abused group because "neutral" is seen as an unclear and dubious category, and because it is generally assumed that it is difficult for persons who have experienced serious, boundary violations to be able to admit to them. 

There was a meaningful difference between the groups on the TPF sub-scale of "behavioral control" (p=.018). There was a trend in the direction of smaller (non-significant) T-values among the sexually abused group than in the other groups. Figure 47 provides an overview.
[89] 

Fig 47
Sense of well-being (TPF), based on the caharcteristic of 
'Retrospective evaluation of pedosexual contacts during own childhood'

* 0 - 60 = T value

Significant differences between the groups were observable on the SCL-90-R sub-scales. The sexually abused group evinced above-average T-values on nearly all of the sub-scales. Figure 48 provides an overview.

fig 48 
Feelings of being under stress (SCL-90-R), based on the 
characteristic of 'Retrospective evaluation of pedosexual contacts during own childhood'

In the U-test, there were no significant differences between the group with "agreeable" retrospectively-evaluated pedosexual experiences with adults during their own childhoods and the group with no pedosexual contacts with adults during their own childhoods.

Significant differences between the group that had been sexually abused in childhood and the group that had not been pedosexually approached by adults during childhood were present in the following sub-scales: 

[90] Significant differences between the group with retrospectively positively-evaluated pedosexual contacts and the group with retrospectively negatively- or neutrally-evaluated pedosexual contacts were discernible on the following sub-scales: "insecurity with social contact" (p=.O21) and "aggressiveness" (p=.025).

6.7 Presentation of Results Concerning Sixth Question Posed

(Presentation of the Associations Between Self-Concept Characteristics, Feelings of Being Under Stress, and Sense of Well-Being)

Step-wise multiple regression analyses were conducted. The predictor variables represented the entirety of the employed questionnaire scales for the individual self-concept spheres. The predictor variables of the individual self-concept spheres were set against the central criteria variables of "mental health" and the "global severity index". Multi-collinearity problems and suppression effects were considered and addressed in the calculations. Only the central results are presented. Table 14 gives an overview of, the associations between self-concept characteristics and "mental health".

Table 14
Relevant predictor variables with regard to "mental health"

In terms of the sexual self-concept, the "sexual depression" variable accounted for 32.1% of the variance with regard to "mental health". It was negatively associated with the sense of well-being. 

When "sexual self-respect" was considered as a predictor variable in the regression model, 44.7% of the variance in the sexual self-concept sphere vis-a-vis "mental health" was able to be jointly accounted for. Moreover, using bi-variate correlations, a series of statistically significant associations between "mental health" and various MSSCQ sub-scales were able to be demonstrated.

The four Self-Image of Functional Social Potency sub-scales correlated positively with the sense of well-being. In the regression model, the "consciousness of one's control over the environment" variable [91] accounted for 59.3% of the variance, with regard to "mental health". "Consciousness of one's control over the environment" and "consciousness of self-control" jointly accounted for 64.3% of the variance.

As to the components of self-attention, the regression model showed that "public self-attention" accounted for 13.0% of the variance with regard to "mental health". "Public self-attention" and "private self-attention" jointly accounted for 17.1% of the variance. In the bi-variate correlations, it was able to be shown that "public self-attention" was actively associated with "mental health" (r=.380; p=.864), and for the most part correlated with other TPF variables.

On the other hand, "private self-attention" evinced a nearly null correlation with "mental health" in the bi-variate correlations (r=.021; p=.864) and, with the exception of "forgetting of oneself", did not have statistically significant associations with the TPF health-related sub-scales. "Public self-attention" and "private self-attention" correlated negatively with the "forgetting of oneself" sub-scale.

Table 15 provides an overview of the association between self-concept characteristics and the "global severity index."

	"global severity index",
	"consciousness of self-control" and
	"consciousness of one's control over the environment"

	51 participants (70.8%) responded that they had in fact made attempts, in the past, to take up a different (sexual) lifestyle (98 were named overall).
	Thirteen participants (18.1%) declared they had made no such attempts in the past.
	Nine participants (12.5%) left this question unanswered.

	Some attempted -- through multi-faceted interests, volunteering, or making the most out of spirituality -- to shift their sexual orientation away from being the centerpiece of their lives.
	Others (almost exclusively older participants) sought salvation in marriage and families of their own.
	Yet others, on the other hand, consciously pursued volunteer work in the child and youth arena.
	Some respondents made the statement that they used volunteer work in the child/youth area in order to get close to beloved and desired boys and girls, as a kind of substitute for a sexuality that could not be lived out in a legal manner.
	There were also research participants who totally isolated themselves from the world in general and children in particular. They rarely hung around streets and locales where they might encounter children. They went shopping only by car, or had a residence that faced away from the street.

	reports to the police,
	false accusations,
	having my home searched,
	arrest,
	judicial inquest,
	etc.

	Statements such as  "finding the energy to keep going" or  "dealing with difficult situations better"  belong to the "general life-mastery competence" area.
	Goals such as  "develop more consciousness of self" or  "acting proactively in social situations"  represent the specific area of "consciousness of self and social competence."
	The area of "consistency and structuralization" encompasses responses such as  "more independence" and  "improving organizational skills (in college studies)."

	the search for meaning and identity spheres  ("recognizing and incorporating perspectives in life," "finding oneself") as well as
	the area of balance and contentment  ("becoming more balanced and more content").

The fourth central goal of "dealing with one's sexuality" encompasses the areas of sexual self-acceptance, "sexuality and day-to-day life," dealing with almost inevitable sexual abstinence, as well as re-directing sexual activity in order to lead a crime-free life. Included [99] in the area of "sexuality and day-to-day life" are specific goals such as "coming to terms with social hostility."

	Twelve participants (31.6%) evaluated their experiences with therapy as "not helpful" or "a little helpful,"
	14 participants (36.8%) as "helpful," and
	12 participants (31.6%) as "very helpful."