Transsexual Teen In The Netherlands

Wrong Body….They have that 'pecker'

Ellen de Visser, 'Volkskrant' Magazine, September 13,  2003 [*]

"I am Valentin, when you look at me you think I am a girl, but I am not a girl yet!"

So speaks Valentin who is 13 years old. With gender dysphoric children, like Valentin, their physical gender does not accord with their feelings about themselves.

Willem was nine years old when he first went to school in a skirt. Until that time his parents had compromised by buying him 'unisex' clothes, such as red pants and colored shirts for fear of the reaction of other children and parents. His mother knew that he was different from an early age. In pre-school he always played in the dolls corner and at a school party he once wore a lovely princess 'dress up' outfit all afternoon, only changing when he got home.

Eventually Willem decided for himself that this must change, and insisted on going to school in a skirt and blouse. His mother recalls that they rang the school to tell them that Willem was coming to school dressed as a girl. But it was not necessary! For him it was a great milestone, but for the school and his classmates it was normal, because everyone already thought of him as a girl!

Valentin was just four years old, and sitting in the back of a car returning from a childrens' party when he told his mother that he wanted to cut off his 'pecker'. His parents already realized that that he was different to other boys; he did not like playing with boys' toys like tractors, but loved to play with Barbies.

"When watching films, Valentin always identified with the female characters", said his mother Klette de Rouge. "He was always pretending to be Snow White or the Rose Princess, never the prince!"

As he got older his feelings grew stronger. From ten to twelve years of age he attended the ballet school in Amsterdam, but gave this up because he could see no future for himself as a male ballet dancer. Deep in his heart he wanted to dance as a ballerina in a tutu and 'en pointe', just like any girl his age!

Now 13, Valentin has the appearance, movement and interests of a girl his age. His long blonde hair stretches down to his waist, and he proudly shows me the skirt he bought for himself, just last week.

On his first day at secondary school, he told everyone "I am Valentin, you think I am a girl, but I am not a girl yet, one day I certainly will be! I will explain more fully later, but it will make no difference what you say or try to argue. That is what I am!"

Relations, friends and neighbors often argue with Connie Smit, about the behaviour of her son Colin, and feel that she should make him dress and behave as a boy. They just don't understand about him. She shows me some old photos of nothing but a shy, reserved boy who was not comfortable with what was expected of him.

During last year's summer vacation they chose a new name, Jasmijn.

"For her, Colin no longer exists", says her mother. "And he hates his 'pecker' "

Connie Smit finds that as time goes on Jasmijn becomes more natural and is perfecting her image as a girl.

Connie says "Our children are not transvestites, freaks. or sights to stare at. They only want to be what they really are"

Our Brother/Sister

The official name for this is gender dysphoria, but Willem's brothers refer to him as our 'brusje' (brother/sister). With gender dysphoric children, their physical gender is not in agreement with their feelings and behaviour.

"It is not just boys who sometimes want to play with girls dolls or girls who eagerly play computer games" Explains Els Schif, Willem's mother, "It means children who consistently, and over a long period adopt the behaviour of the other sex".

Precisely how many gender dysphoric children there are in the Netherlands is not clear, although Professor Cohen Kettenis, (professor of psychology at the Medical centre of the Free university in Amsterdam), has treated over 400 children and adolescents over the last 15 years. The support group Berdache currently has 120 children and adolescents as members.

Lejo De Hingh, father of Valentin and secretary of Berdache, sees enormous relief in the faces of each new child who comes along to the group. Often they have already had to cope with enormous problems and difficulties. In the past they may have been passed from the school doctor, to their family doctor, and to social services, etc.

"Parents may not be able to control the behaviour of their child and often think that they are the only ones like this, or that their child may be mentally ill", says Peter van Leeuwen, father of Willem, and also founder of Berdache. "We know of harrowing examples of children who have developed mental illness or become totally withdrawn and uncommunicative. Parents have so many concerns and questions that need to be dealt with.

Tough Girl

By far the most children in Berdache are boys who feel they are girls.

"That is not to mean that they are the more important part of the group", says Els Schijf, " But girls who feel that they are boys, often find it harder to talk about their feelings, though girls can more easily behave as boys" says Monique de Vries, mother of 12 year old Bas. "With a 'tomboy' no one has problems".

Bas was born as Debby but has always wanted to play football. Her mother remembers that about the only time she wore a dress was for her first communion and straight afterwards she was out of the dress and back in boyish clothes to play outside with the other boys again. Her parents always said that "she has become a boy"

That became very clear when she was eleven years old and entered puberty, having her first period and then her breasts started to develop.

"She was in panic and cried. There was much drama to follow. She threatened to cut off her breasts with a knife.! What do you do when your daughter says 'Mom, I don't want to sit at the toilet anymore, I want to stand like a boy' ?"

Puberty

"Puberty is often a nightmare for these children" says Professor Cohen, "They develop an enormous dislike for their body".

She thinks that gender dysphoria is partly inborn. Previously, society and behaviour were thought to be the main causes, but now some of it at least is thought to come from the make up of the brain when it is being formed before birth. However the role of other factors is still unclear. Cohen is the head of the gender team at the Free Hospital where gender dysphoric children can receive help. They currently have a waiting list of over a year for patients to be seen and treated, (though children just entering puberty are given priority).

"It takes a long time, with tests, interviews, and observations, as well as psychiatric evaluation, before the children can be properly diagnosed. Gender dysphoria is not a static condition that can be determined by a single test. We need time to study the children properly and exclude all other explanations for their behaviour" says Professor Cohen, "In some cases the gender dysphoria can develop as a result of severe trauma."

Her gender team keep a close eye on the behaviour of children the beginning of puberty.

"Sometimes the gender dysphoric feelings can reduce", says Professor Cohen, "children seem as it were to grow out of it, although the interests of the opposite sex they have developed as children often still remain"

Most children seen by Professor Cohen at puberty however, react with horror to the changes in their bodies.

"It appears that their feelings become much stronger and they do not feel at home in the body that they now developing. If it appears that the gender dysphoric feelings are becoming stronger then they will be prescribed medicines to temporarily halt puberty until they are 16".

Cohen emphasizes that the treatment at this stage is reversible and if it appears that the child has taken the wrong track then the treatment can be stopped and normal puberty should then ensue.

When the gender team at the Free hospital started this treatment five years ago, it was the first in the world to begin treating adolescents with puberty stopping drugs, leading initially to uproar and questions being asked in the Dutch Parliament. Subsequently other countries such as the UK have shown great interest in the treatment, and in some cases have followed the example of the Netherlands.

For Bas the treatment has literally saved his life. He had become so depressed that there was great concern that he would take his own life. Puberty 'retarders' help in the meantime.

As they become adolescents, children must decide how they want to live their lives in the future. Some of them may decide to wait until they are adult or have had a family before making a final decision. This is acceptable, as they will have completed their development to adulthood and know more clearly what they really want, rather than if they make the decision early.

Hormones

"During the period from the start of puberty to age 16 we have a number of searching conversations with them" says Cohen. "Again we make it clear that their gender may be changed medically, but that may not be the best option for them at this time. We point out all the disadvantages, for instance they cannot have children (biologically). For mutual support they can join the special support group run by Annerike Gorter, for young people between the ages of 13 and 16 years.

Young people when they are 16 and quite certain that they have the wrong body, can be prescribed hormones as well as puberty blockers to begin to change their outward appearance to more closely match their chosen sex. After that comes the actual sex-change operation" says Cohen.

"Almost three quarters of the youngsters eventually become homosexuals, and at this stage they will leave the program. The full treatment is only for those very feminine boys or masculine girls who continue to need the change of sex ".

Therefore Cohen always advises parents that their children should wait until they complete their youth (i.e. are over 18) before completing their sex change. Bas already knows for certain that he wants the operation just as Jasmijn does. Valentin and Willem are still not totally certain and have therefore not changed their names yet.

"I hope that Willem has a good look at all the options" says his mother Els. "He needs to consider everything carefully, before he chooses what is best for him".

Valentin knows that he does not want to be an adult male with a deep voice and body hair.

"The only question is whether I want to be a complete girl for ever"

Hiding Behind the Curtain

Manon (aged 10), has come to the Berdache family day for the second time. The playground they use, lies sheltered in the park with private admission. The children play with each other on the climbing frame, the adolescents hold back self-consciously, the parents chat and occasionally shout to the children.

"Last year when Manon was still called Benjamin, her eyes were opened to what she was" said her mother Elise Meussen, "After that she relaxed and no longer fought against everything. Previously, Benjamin had been a boy of the most extreme behaviour. Always shouting, climbing to the highest branches, and being very aggressive to everyone. When we finally took him to the psychologist, Benjamin said that he would rather be dead. 

He had already decided that he could not be what he wanted to be. He had to appear masculine, so he had already learned to hide all his feelings away. For years he had concealed his real self, because he thought that it was not acceptable.

It was like he was hiding behind closed curtains. As soon as Benjamin came home from school, he would dress up as a girl. If the door-bell rang he would hide himself".

Now she has adopted the name of the teacher who helped her when he came to the Netherlands from Great Britain. Her parents have decided to be totally open with her and all their family and friends. For her ninth birthday, they bought Manon a Barbie doll. She said "finally I have a present that I really like!"

Willem's parents also decided to be totally open about the situation. They spoke to the teachers of the secondary school that Willem started attending last month, and at the parents evening other parents were informed.

"You cannot hide yourself in a school with 1100 pupils" says his mother Els Schijf, "If you say nothing then there will be rumour and gossip, and that is not good".

Valentin has this year at the school camp slept in the girls tent. "That caused no problems", he said.

He had decided to dress in more 'boyish' clothes for school, but the first day he went to school like this he was sent home because everyone thought that he was a girl masquerading as a boy!

Bas was intending to dress differently at secondary school. On the first day at school everyone was saying "Bas was a girl but was now a boy". For the gymnastics lesson, the boys said: "Come on man, come and change in our dressing room".

"He has become so accepted as a boy" said his mother. "He has so many friends, and the girls treat him as a boy, insisting on standing in front of him in the queue"

Humour Helps

"How gender dysphoric children themselves deal with problems can vary enormously" says Peggy Cohen, "Confident intelligent children are able to cope, but there are those who get in an awful mess".

In 'It is girl' (a guide for parents written by Els Schrijf), all the possible problems are listed in order - learning difficulties, isolation, abuse, envy towards brothers or sisters (or anyone who represents what the child wants to be), tensions between children and parents, especially about gender issues. Sometimes, children have bad luck, recognizes Cohen, and live in a neighborhood or go to a school where they are not accepted. When Jasmijn went to her year five class as a girl, her mother wrote in the school newsletter

"Our greatest fear is how we protect her from the outside world that does not understand or accept her condition".

After that it went a lot better for her, says her mother Conny Smit

"There was clarity, and Jasmijn even gained some friends."

A New Class

"However she has just moved up into a new class, who do not accept her as a girl She gets so teased and abused by the other children. Even the neighbors condemn her. They find it ridiculous that we let our child go out in a dress. During the summer holiday she was at the pool and some other girls said 'There is a boy in girl's clothes' Jasmijn became very upset about this" says her mother.

"She quarrels with her younger sister, and sometimes argues with her father. Also she can be very aggressive and has learning difficulties. She wants to be who she is and that makes it very difficult for her".

Conny wants to try and help her daughter to be more able to defend herself against these things, and learn not to react so violently.

Valentin's parents have seen how he deals with stupid remarks from other children. He gives a demonstration:

"Humour helps" says his mother Klette de Rooij. They enjoy the film 'Life of Brian' because in it all the women play men's roles but are given away by their high pitched voices.

Openness, professional help, and training to help them look after themselves, are all useful, but they are not sometimes not enough to stop serious pressures and difficulties for gender dysphoric children in secondary schools. Conversations about menstruation, and courtship largely pass them by. Els Schijf sometimes hears of adolescents who have decided not to get involved with the opposite sex, or to fall in love.

'Dumb Girl'

How great are the problems that have to be overcome before a child can finally become themselves!

"He has changed from an embarrassed girl into a confident guy" Says Monique de Vries, of her son Bas.

The mother of Manon tells how frightfully glad her daughter was when for the first time she was called a 'Dumb Girl'. Conny Smit says :

"Jasmijn was formerly full of sadness and uncertainty. I thought :'That child I am about to lose'."

From the soft yellow walls of her bedroom hang photographs of her beloved horse, and the floor lies strewn with Barbies.

Her mother says: "I have an enormous respect for her, because she perseveres to get what she wants. Children do not choose the most difficult way consciously, it has to be driven by something deep within them."

[*] This article was written by Ellen de Visser and published in the Dutch magazine 'Volkskrant' on 13 September 2003. It was translated into English by Barbara Blake ( barbara_blake65 (at) yahoo.co.uk ), herself the mother of a transgender teen.